Workflow management system

ABSTRACT

A network clearinghouse may be provided that brings together organizations (subjects) requiring outsourcing of a service and service providers (operators). The clearinghouse manages the bidding and awarding of contracts, by collecting and authorizing requests for proposals (RFPs), sending bid invitations to operators that meet the requirements of the subject, sending a notification that the contract has been awarded, and collecting payment from the subject and paying the operator.

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.60/125,078, filed Mar. 19, 1999, which is incorporated herein byreference.

This application is a continuation-in-part and claims the benefit ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/303,499, filed Apr. 30, 1999, whichis incorporated herein by reference.

The subject mater of this application is related to the subject matterof U.S. patent application entitled MACHINE-ASSISTED TRANSLATION TOOLS,Ser. No. 09/071,900, filed May 4, 1998, which is co-pending, and ishereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a network-based workflow management system,and more particularly, to a system suitable to coordinate the assignmentand fulfillment of tasks over a network.

2. Description of the Related Technology

Outsourcing is one of the most prevalent trends in today's businessenvironment. Nearly every company outsources some part of its business.For example, the accounts receivable collections, janitorial, andpayroll functions are outsourced so frequently that it has become, overthe last few decades, an accepted method for running those functions.Other functions are being outsourced with more regularity, such ascomputer services, benefits administration, telephone customer support,and records management. Some functions are only being outsourced by afew companies, and may require a number of years before they are morewidely outsourced. These functions include engineering, financialanalysis, document translation and management.

Many organizations have found that outsourcing projects, tasks orfunctions can be advantageous if such outsourcing has the effect ofreducing transaction costs. Downes and Mui, Unleashing the Killer AppDigital Strategies for Market Dominance, Harvard Business School Press,Boston Mass., 1998. Therefore, organizations seeking to outsource aproject will submit a request for proposal to at least one serviceprovider to obtain a quote or price for completing the project. Once theservice provider has returned the proposal with a quote for completingthe services, the organization will evaluate the quotes for service andselect a service provider to carry out the project. The organization mayuse a variety of criteria to determine which service provider to select,such as the service provider's price, qualifications and reputation.Usually, the competition between service providers results in lower endcost for the organization. However, this system has no mechanism forallowing the electronic delivery of a work product or allowing completedprojects or portions of any completed projects to be stored and used asa resource for subsequent projects.

By the same token, state and local governments have used contractbidding to purchase products and services, such as computers, buildingcontractors or road maintenance equipment. Contract bidding is a processthat in certain circumstances might reduce transaction costs due to thecompetition in bidding. In general, the contract bidding process issimilar to outsourcing; for example, bids are collected, bids areevaluated and service providers are selected. This system also has nomechanism for allowing the electronic delivery of a work product orallowing completed projects or portions of any completed projects to bestored and used as a resource for subsequent projects.

An extraordinary effort is expended by some contractors to trackorganizations that outsource contracts or place contract awards up forbid. On-line services, such as BidNet, can collect information regardingvarious organizations requesting bids for projects. Usually, an on-lineservice collects bid request information from different agencies, e.g.,state and local governments, hospitals, universities, etc., and theon-line service will provide this information to qualified contractors.For example, once a contractor has registered with the on-line serviceand the service has received an agency's bid request that pertains togoods or services provided by the contractor, the on-line service willgenerate a summary that includes bidding information, such as the agencyissuing the bid, the deadline for submitting a bid, where the productsand/or service must be delivered and any special specifications theagency may require. Accordingly, the summary will be mail to thecontractor to assist him in determining whether to bid on the contract.While this system has the advantage of notifying a contractor ofpossible contracts with minimal effort required by contractor, it hasthe disadvantage of not providing a complete electronic workflowmanagement system. Additionally, the on-line service does not allowusers to recycle any previously completed work. Moreover, the systemdoes not provided electronic work product delivery.

Another bidding and selling method is an auction. Auctions provide apopular and exciting marketplace for buying and selling property. Manyordinary individuals are denied access because they are required toattend an auction in person to place a bid on an item for sale. Thisrequirement limits participation in the auction to those people who livenear the auction site or those people who can afford the time andexpense to travel to the auction site.

Many attempts have been made to solve the problem of gaining bid accessto an auction without having to be physically present at an auctionsite. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,789,928 issued to Fujisaki on Dec. 6,1988 describes an auction information processing system which enablesindividuals spread over a wide area to participate in an on-lineauction. The system includes a host computer connected via communicationlines to many remote terminals of individual bidders. The individualbidders enter bids from their remote terminals and the current highestbid and eventual winning bid are displayed in real-time on the remoteterminals. While this system has the advantage of allowing a largenumber of individual bidders to participate in an on-line auction, ithas the disadvantage of not allowing electronic workflow management.Furthermore, the system does not provided electronic product delivery.

Another computerized bidding system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,903,201 issued to Wagner on Feb. 20, 1990. Wagner describes anautomated futures trading exchange wherein bids to purchase or offers tosell a particular commodity contract are made by exchange membersthrough remote terminals connected to an exchange computer. The exchangecomputer matches offer prices and bid prices to complete tradingtransactions. The system does not provided electronic product delivery.

Another system for conducting a competitive bidding procedure isdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,243,515 issued to Lee on Sep. 7, 1993. Leedescribes a secure teleprocessing bidding system for enablingconstruction subcontractors to submit bids to a general contractor for aparticular construction job. Subcontractors use an ordinary telephone todial into a central bidding computer and enter their bids. At the closeof the bidding session, the central computer prints a summary report ofall bids received, and the summary report is mailed or faxed to allparticipating bidders. As in the previous bidding systems, this systemhas no mechanism for allowing the electronic delivery of a work productor allowing completed projects to be stored and used as a resource forsubsequent projects.

In addition to the on-line auctions mention above, on-line auctions arenow being conducted over the Internet. One such auction is Save theEarth Foundation has an Artrock Auction that is described at theirworld-wide web site http://www.commerce.com/save_earth. To participatein the auction, bidders register and submit bids for auction itemsthrough the Internet. Bidders are notified by electronic mail when a bidhigher than their own is placed on an item. The winning bidder is alsocontacted by electronic mail at the close of the bidding session. TheArtrock Auction has no mechanism to allow electronic delivery of theproduct.

Similarly, Ebay has an on-line auction, as described at their world-wideweb site http://www.ebay.com. In this auction system, bidders alsoregister and submit bids through the Internet. Items for sale aregraphically displayed on the bidders' screens, in addition to the bidinformation for each item. Bid information is updated hourly throughouteach two week bidding session. Unfortunately, like the previouslymentioned on-line auctions, Ebay's auction has no mechanism for allowingelectronic delivery of a product.

Similarly, Christie's International describes an on-line auction attheir world-wide web site http://www.christies.com. In Christie'sauction, bidders register and submit bids in the same manner as the Ebayauction. Christie's on-line auction also suffers from the samedisadvantage as the Ebay auction in that it has no mechanism to allow aproduct to be delivered electronically.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the invention is to provide a marketplace for supervisedcontract bidding, electronic product delivery, payment and arbitration.

Another object of the invention is to provide subjects and operatorsaccess to a workflow management clearinghouse. A further object of thepresent invention is to provide such access over the Internet using astandardized interface format, such as Hyper Text Markup Language(HTML).

Another object of the invention is to provide user access to aclearinghouse's database(s) by entering information into electronicforms.

Another object of the invention is to provide a complete workflowmanagement system which utilizes E-Commerce technology.

Another object of the invention is to provide a system that poolsavailable projects and provides a live “real-time” bidding environment.

Another object of the invention is to permit photos, images and/orvideos that correspond to an available project to be coupled with theproject's information summary for viewing.

Another object of the invention is to provide a system where the onlyequipment subjects and operators need are communication devices withnetwork access.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the effort required tocomplete a project by integrating a work pre-processing capability witha workflow management system.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the effort required of atranslator to translate source information into target information byeliminating the need to retranslate previously translated work.

Another object of the invention is to provide a paperless workflowmanagement system.

Another object of the invention is to reduce the amount of time oreffort required to translate source text by automatically convertingplaceables, e.g., dates and measurement units, for insertion into atarget text.

Another object of the invention is to automatically change theappearance of placeable elements to a target language format ifappropriate, for example, by converting measurement units, date formats,currency values and units, titles and names, etc.

Another object of the invention is to semiautomatically inserttranslation units at a user-defined position in the target text uponinteraction from the user, e.g., upon one or more keystrokes, upon oneor more spoken commands, upon mouse clicks, etc., when translatingsource information.

Another objective of the invention is to provide translation memories ormini-translation memories for different subject matters.

Another objective of the invention is to match subjects' projects withoperators at competitive prices.

According to the invention these objects are accomplished by a systemthat manages bidding and workflow where the work performed is themanipulation or delivery of electronic information. The system isparticularly suited for workflow management for language or othertranslations, document editing, contracting for creating works ofauthorship such as graphics, plans software, and even data processing.

The foregoing objects may be accomplished by a clearinghouse thatprovides workflow management. Accordingly, the clearinghouse may have acomputer with software components that may accept information from users(i.e., subjects and/or operators) over a network. In addition, theclearinghouse may accept registration information, requests and bids forprojects, project information, and authorizations to credit or debit auser's account.

According to a feature of the workflow management system, aclearinghouse may be provided to bring together organizations requiringoutsourcing of a service (subjects) and service providers (operators).The clearinghouse manages the bidding and awarding of contracts, bycollecting and authorizing requests for proposals (RFPs), sending bidinvitations to operators that meet the requirements of the subject,sending a notification that the contract has been awarded, collectingpayment from the outsourcing company and paying the service provider.

According to a feature of the invention, the clearinghouse mayelectronically provide to the operator information regarding thetopic/subject a project along with the work product. Moreover, thecompleted work product may be returned to the subject electronically.

According to a feature of the invention, a clearinghouse may be providedto incorporate specialized translation memories, which are translationdatabases that collect translations as they are performed, along withthe source language equivalents. After a translation has been performedand stored into a translation memory, the translation memory may beaccessed to assist a translator with new translations where the newtranslations include identical or similar source language text as thesource language equivalents included in the translation memory. If asubject has a document requiring translation, the system will firstcheck whether any parts of the document can be pre-translated using atranslation memory. Accordingly, the subjects and operators may use thepre-translation information to determine an acceptable bid price. Inother words, the system allows a human translator to translate only whatis new in a document, and evaluate the cost for translating only the newinformation.

According to a feature of the invention, a clearinghouse may maintain adatabase to track when a translator creates a new translation unit orsegment, i.e., a sentence pair with one source sentence and then acorresponding translation in the target language. A translator sendsthis pair back to the clearinghouse where the system stores the pair ina translation memory with the translator's name or user ID. When anothertranslator reuses the translation unit, the original translator willreceive a credit for his work. What is more, a translator may earnroyalties on his translation units, in order to provide translators anincentive to share their translations with translators.

According to the invention a workflow management system may be providedthat manages a computer bidding process for a translation project,awards the translation project to a translator and delivers a completedtranslation electronically to a subject.

A workflow management system may be provided with at least one projectcoordination computer module whose actions are directed by softwarecomponents and at least one fulfillment computer module whose actionsare directed by software components, and linked to said at least oneproject coordination computer module. The workflow management system mayalso be provided with at least one fulfillment computer module.

In addition, the software components in these computer modules operatein concert as a work flow management and work product delivery system.

These, together with other objects and advantages which will besubsequently apparent, reside in the details of construction andoperation as more fully hereinafter described in the claims, withreference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof,wherein like numerals refer to like elements throughout.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4A shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4B shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10A shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10B shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 12 shows another embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 shows a clearinghouse implementing the workflow managementsystem. The clearinghouse may be a computer 101 with at least oneelectronic storage apparatus, e.g., database, which buyers (subjects)and sellers (operators) may access using an input interface 105, 107,i.e., computer, wireless or landline telephone, television or personaldigital assistant, with a network connection 103A, 103B. FIG. 1 showsthe input devices 105, 107 connected by two separate networks, however,a single or integral network may be implemented. Preferably, informationmay be exchanged electronically over the network between the operators,subjects and the clearinghouse by methods, such as HTML forms, e-mail,fax. Accordingly, the clearinghouse may use electronic forms to requestand/or collect information from the operator and subject: for example,user ID, password, project description, maximum bid price, bids, contactinformation, payment information, project criteria for example, wherethe project is a request for translation, the project criteria mightinclude the target language, the source language, the subject orcategory that the text belongs to, the project due date, and how toaward the project. In practice, the electronic forms may be downloadedfrom a computer module at or remote from the clearinghouse to the user'scommunications device, or instead, the forms may be completed directlyover the Internet. Furthermore, the clearinghouse may provide an audioaccess and conversion system that allows an operator and/or subject toaccess information originally formatted for interfacing on a computernetwork via a telephone. Moreover, a firewall may be provided at theclearinghouse to screen the integrity of the data.

The clearinghouse may have different computer modules or systems foraccomplishing the workflow management task: for example, projectcoordination, registration, financial, credential and verificationcheck, project fulfillment, royalty tracking, bid management.Preferably, each module or system may be a computer module with analgorithm to accept information and complete the task required by themodule. FIG. 2 illustrates the components of a generic module withconnections to a remote user: for example, computer 18, on-line formtemplet 27, form 32, optional database 60, network connection 24, remotecomputer 30 and user 38 (may be a subject or an operator). User 38 atremote computer 30 may access on-line form template 27 residing oncomputer 28. As illustrated in FIG. 2, template 27 contains a form 32,which may be displayed to user 38 on the screen of remote computer 30.Accordingly, subjects and/or operators may communicate with theclearinghouse by using electronic forms or any other known methods forcollecting information over a network. In addition, the computer modulesmay be separate modules, however, the modules may be integrated toprovided a single unit. Furthermore, the modules may store theinformation in an integrated database or in separate databases, whichmay be located at the clearinghouse or at a remote location.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a projectcoordination module may be provided by a clearinghouse, which may managethe flow of a project, for example, from the time a bid request isreceived until the completed project or completed work product isdelivered. First, a subject may submit to a project coordination moduleor the clearinghouse project information or a request for proposal(RFP), which may provide an operator with information: such as, thesubject's background, a description of the projects, tasks or functionsthat require outsourcing, the specific task to be bid upon by anoperator, the subject's expectations for the operator's performance,and/or a deadline for bid submission. In an alternative embodiment,shown in FIG. 3, a subject may submit information regarding specificsconcerning a translation project, e.g., filename 302, source language(304, 330), target language (306, 332), subject matter (308, 334), alist of individual translators (310,336) or translator group (314, 340)from whom bids should be solicited, translator's residency (312, 338).Accordingly, a subject may submit this information by accessing anon-line “New Projects” HTML template 27 residing on computer 28.Template 27 may contain a New Projects Request form which may bedisplayed to the subject 38 on the screen of remote computer 30. Afterthe subject completes the form, the information may be transmitted tothe clearinghouse for processing, where the project coordination moduleuses the information to conduct the bidding process or to send a requestto the bid management module to initiate the bidding process.

Accordingly, the workflow management system may use only the NewProjects Request form to collect data for the bidding process, or thesystem may use both the New Projects Request form and the completeproject specifications and requirements, i.e., work subject or workproduct, to collect data for the bidding process. Therefore, in analternative embodiment, the complete project specifications andrequirements may be electronically transmitted (uploaded) in a textformat or in a graphical format, e.g., photos, images and/or videos, tothe clearinghouse or project coordination module to aid in the biddingprocess. The uploaded complete project specifications and requirementsmay be the actual project, e.g., a document requiring translation, arequest for a patent search, a request for information or a paper on aparticular topic, etc., or a photo, diagram, or schematic depicting theproject, e.g., construction site, a circuit that requires fabrication,etc. According to an optional embodiment, the project coordinationmodule may provide an image relating to the project that may be viewedin its entirety or may allow only limited portions to be viewed. The apreview image may provide an operator with sufficient information toallow him to determine his bid price for a project.

When a subject's new project arrives at the clearinghouse, a request maysent to a project fulfillment module, which checks a fulfillmentdatabase, to determine if any previously completed projects or portionsof any completed projects may be used as a resource in connection withthe new project. Accordingly, the fulfillment database may transmitfiilfilment parameters, i.e., an evaluation of the relevant resourcesthat may be reused in the new project, to the project coordinationmodule, which may provide the fulfillment parameters to the users toassist them in negotiating a bid price. Alternately, the projectfulfillment module may provide the fulfillment parameters directly tothe users. The project fulfillment module and fulfillment database willbe discussed in more detail below.

According to an optional embodiment, the project coordination module maysend a request to a bid management module to commence the biddingprocess. The bid management module may work together with the projectcoordination module to complete the bidding process or the bidmanagement module may handle the entire bidding process. For example,the bid management module may advise the project coordination modulewhen an operator has been selected for the project (FIG. 20). Inaddition or alternatively, the bid management module or the projectcoordination module may send bid invitations and/or bid awardnotifications to the operator and/or subject, such as an e-mail,electronic broadcast message or voice mail. As illustrated in FIG. 5,the invitations and notifications may be posted on the clearinghouse'sweb site 520. Furthermore, the bid management module may send aselection of operator bids to the project coordination module for thesubject's selection (FIG. 21). The bid management module will bediscussed in detail later.

Once the bid has been awarded, the project coordination module maytransmit the work subject, i.e., the complete project and/orspecifications and requirements to the selected operator. When theproject is completed and if the project lends itself to such, theselected operator may submit the completed project or completed workproduct to the project coordination module. It should be appreciatedthat these may be completely paperless transactions, which deliver thework product or project in an electronic format. Preferably, the projectcoordination module may provide the subject with a preview of theoperator's completed project before agreeing to payment andelectronically receiving (downloading) the project (FIG. 15). Of course,the project may be downloaded by the subject without previewing thedocument. Furthermore, if the subject is dissatisfied with the qualityof the project, the project coordination module may allow the subject toreject the project and request that the project be corrected. If theproject is rejected, the project coordination module may transmit theproject to the selected operator for corrections. Once the correctionsare completed, the project coordination module may transmit thecorrected project to the subject for approval. Moreover, the projectcoordination module may also provide an arbitration means.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a registrationmodule may be provided by the clearinghouse, which may classifyregistrants as subjects or operators. As stated above, the subjectand/or operator registration modules may be separate modules, however, asingle or integrated module/system may be provided. Preferably, theregistration system may be a computer module with an algorithm to acceptuser (i.e., subject and/or operator) registration information.Accordingly, a user may register with the clearinghouse by usingelectronic forms or any other known method for collecting registrationinformation over a network. Furthermore, the registration modules maystore the information in a single integrated database or separatedatabases, which may be located at the clearinghouse or at a remotelocation.

Referring to the chart of FIG. 6, an operator may access theclearinghouse's registration module, preferably, by a networkconnection. An operator 38 at remote computer 30 may access on-line“Registration” HTML template 27 residing on computer 28 (602). Asillustrated in FIG. 2, template 27 may contains an Operator'sRegistration Form, which may displayed to operator 38 on the screen ofremote computer 30 (604). Reference is now made to FIG. 7, whichillustrates an Operator Registration Form, an operator may register withthe clearinghouse by entering information into the form (606): forexample, organization's name (702), translator's name (704, 706),address (708, 710, 712), e-mail address (714), telephone number (716),and type of e-commerce payment (718), source languages (720, 732),target languages (722, 734), subject areas (724, 736) and country ofresidence (726, 738). In an additional or alternative embodiment, thenumber of a checking account, savings account, or any other account inwhich operator 38 may receive payment credit may be entered into theform. Of course, the account may be debited when necessary, such as whenand over payment is made or when a work product is returned. Finally,the operator may submit the information to the clearinghouse (608) byactivating the register button 728. Then, the information may betransmitted over a communication link, e.g., wireless or landline, wherethe information is collected and stored in a registration database,which may be at the clearinghouse or a remote location. After theinformation is received, a portion or portions of the information may betransmitted to a credential check module (610, 622), e.g., operators'squalifications or credentials, and/or a financial module (614, 624),e.g., payment information. These modules will be discuss in detaillater. The operator may be notified, instantaneously or at a later time,that the registration was successful by e-mail (620). The system is notlimited to e-mail notifications, for example, voice mail or faxnotification may be provided. In addition, the notification may beposted or transmitted directly from the clearinghouse's web site.

Reference is now made to FIG. 8, which illustrates a chart of thesubject's registration module. The subject may register with theclearinghouse in a similar fashion as the operator. A subject 38 atremote computer 30 accesses on-line “Registration” HTML template 27residing on computer 28 (802). As illustrated, template 27 contains anSubject's Registration Form which is displayed to subject 38 on thescreen of remote computer 30 (804). First, an subject may register withthe clearinghouse by entering information, (e.g., organization's name(902), contact person's name (904, 906), address (906, 908, 910), e-mailaddress (914), telephone number (916)) into a Subject's RegistrationForm (806). The subject may submit the information to the clearinghouse(808) by activating the register button (928). Then, the information maybe transmitted over a communication link, e.g., wireless or landline,where the information is collected and stored in a registrationdatabase, which may be at the clearinghouse or a remote location. Afterthe information is received, a portion or portions of the informationmay be transmitted to a verification module (810, 822), e.g., subject'sclaimed identity, and/or a financial module (814, 824), e.g., paymentinformation. These modules will be discuss in detail below. The subjectmay be notified, instantaneously or at a later time, that theregistration was successful by e-mail (820). The system is not limitedto e-mail notifications, for example, voice mail or fax notification maybe provided. In addition, the notification may be posted or transmitteddirectly from the clearinghouse's web site.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, afinancial module may be provided by the clearinghouse, which may linkthe clearinghouse to a financial institution that is equipped to handlee-commerce. Referring to FIG. 1, the clearinghouse 101 is connected tofinancial institution 108 by a network 103C, which may be a wireless orlandline link. Preferably, the clearinghouse has to access to afinancial institution, such as a bank or credit house, to establish newaccounts or access a registered user's accounts. When a user registerswith the clearinghouse, a payment account may be establishedautomatically with the financial institution. The financial module maytransmit to the financial institution information collected during theregistration process: for example, user's name, financial accountnumber, and financial account type. Alternately, the user may establisha payment account with the financial institution by submittinginformation, via electronic forms, through the financial module ordirectly with the financial institution. For example, FIG. 11illustrates a Payment Account Creation Form 1132. The form has threefields 54 corresponding to a user's name 44, a financial account number46, and a financial account type 48. In the preferred embodiment,financial account number 46 is a credit card number corresponding to acredit card account of user 38. In an alternative embodiment, thefinancial account number 46 may be the number of a checking account,savings account, or any other account in which a user has the ability toreceive/transmit payment credits/debits. Additionally, form 32 containsa button 52 for user 38 to press to transmit the completed form 32 tocomputer 28. In addition, the financial module or financial institutionmay evaluate the subject's payment abilities and approve or deny thesubject access to the clearinghouse. The financial module or financialinstitution may allow electronic transmission of a notification to theuser indicating whether their account has been established. For example,the financial module may send an e-mail or other electronic broadcastmessage regarding the account's status to the user. Of course the modulemay provide an additional option, where by the module may generate ahard copy of the message, electronically meter the postage and sort themessage for delivery. In addition, the module may allow the financialinformation to be updated at a later date. Once the subject's accounthas been established, the subject may submit a request for proposal tothe clearinghouse. When the project is completed, the financial modulemay instruct the financial institution to deduct the funds from thesubject's account.

Additionally, the financial module or the financial institution mayreceive the operator's preferred payment method information from theoperator. Once the operator's account has been established and theoperator has completed a project, the financial module may instruct thefinancial institution to credit the operator's account with an amountequal to the negotiated price. Similarly, the financial module has thecapabilities to credit the operator's account for royalties earned. Theroyalty information may be received from the royalty tracking module.The royalty tracking module will be discussed later.

Furthermore, the financial module may evaluate and/or collect anoperator's credit history and transmit this information to a credentialcheck module, which will be discussed in detail later. Hence, thefinancial module may allow the clearinghouse to authorize new accounts,to verify the credit history of an operator, and to transfer funds,e.g., credit/debit a user's payment account.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an operator'scredential check module may be provided by the clearinghouse, which mayverify an operator's credentials and may supply this information to thesubjects. The clearinghouse may optionally maintain a credentialdatabase with other information regarding an operator, such asqualifications, evaluations given by other subjects for the jobperformance the operators may be have performed and general comments.During registration, an operator's qualifications may transmitted to thecredential check module (1202) where the information may be stored. Thecomputer module may be programmed to check on-line sources to confirmthe operator's qualifications (1204). In addition or in the alternative,the clearinghouse may conduct independent research to determine theoperator's qualifications (1210), and this information may be stored inthe credential database (1212). As stated previously, the clearinghouseor the credential check module may provide electronic evaluation formsfor subjects to fill out regarding operators that have perform servicesfor them. This information may be collected and maintained in thecredential database. Another option that may be provided by theclearinghouse is that subjects may preview this information at any time(1214).

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a subjectverification module may be provided, which may verify the subjectsidentity (FIG. 14). The verification module provides an additionalsecurity feature for the work flow management system.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a projectfulfillment module may be provided by the clearinghouse, which may storecompleted projects or portions of previously completed projects in afulfillment database to be used as a resource for subsequent projects.In addition, the clearinghouse may setup or load the fulfillmentdatabase with project resources. Preferably, the project fulfillmentmodule may be a computer module with an algorithm to accept completedprojects or portions of completed projects and store them in afulfillment database. Moreover, the algorithm may evaluate whether anyportion of a new project has been previously completed in connectionwith a prior project. The project fulfillment module may supplyfulfillment parameters to the users. The fulfillment parameters are anevaluation of “how much” of a new project may be supplied by thefulfillment database. The project coordination module may provide theevaluation information or fulfillment parameters to the operators and/orsubjects.

After the project coordination module receives a project request, theproject coordination module may interrogate the project fulfillmentmodule to determine whether a similar project is stored in thefulfillment database, i.e., the database is interrogated to determinewhether any stored resources may be recycled to fulfill the subject'sproject request. Accordingly, this information may be provided to theoperator and/or the subject to assist in negotiating a bid price.

For example, if none of the previously completed projects or resourcesstored in the fulfillment database match the newly requested project,the recycle module may notify the project coordination module, which mayalert the bid management module to initiate a bid process for thesubject's project request. On the other hand, if a new project requestis identical to a project stored in the fulfillment database, theclearinghouse or the project coordination module may perform or completethe project without requiring an operator's assistance. Thus the projectcoordination module may transmit a price quote to the subject. If thesubject agrees to the price, the project may be electronically deliveredand the subject's payment account may be debited as discussed withrespect to the financial module. The details of the document deliverytransaction are discussed in detail in the description of the projectcoordinate module. In addition, the project fulfillment module may senda notification to the royalty tracking module, which identifies theoperator that completed the original project. The details of thistransaction are discussed in the description of the royalty trackingmodule.

If the new project request is similar to a resource, a completed projector a portion of one or more of the projects stored in the fulfillmentdatabase, the clearinghouse may transmit a fulfillment parameternotification to the subject and/or operator, which indicates “how much”of the project may be recycled to assist them in determining a bidprice. The project fulfillment module may send a notification to theroyalty tracking module, which identifies, for example, the amount ofthe recycled information used in connection with the new project, theoperator that originally generated the recycled information and theoperator that used the recycled information in connection with the newproject. As stated above, the details of this transaction are discussedin the description of the royalty tracking module.

In another embodiment, the project fulfillment module may include atranslation database. According to this embodiment, the translationdatabase may collect translations as they are performed, if thetranslation is performed “on-line”, or after they have been performedand submitted, if they have been performed “off-line” and uploaded uponcompletion. In this fashion, the translation database may be updated toinclude new translations. This translation database may be used to“pre-translate” project documents prior to releasing them for bid.Alternatively, or in addition, after a translation project has beenassigned to a translator, the translator may be given access to thetranslation database to assist him with performance of the assignedtranslation. The translation database optionally may store translationsin the form of pairs or sets of translation segments comprisingcorresponding words or phrases in two or more languages. Theclearinghouse may provide translation memories with terms that arespecialized to a certain field or subject matter such as, legal, medicalor business.

According to another embodiment, the clearinghouse may providetranslation software to assist translators with translation projects.Such translation software may be a machine-assisted tool that activelysupports the translation process by automatically suggesting existingtranslations and terminology from the translation database. An exampleof a commercially available machine-assisted tool is the Translator'sWorkbench supplied by TRADOS GmbH (Germany). According to an optionalaspect of this embodiment, a translator may perform the translation“on-line” with direct access to the translation software and thetranslation database, or a translator may download the translationsoftware and relevant portions of the translation database and performthe translation “off-line.” Accordingly, the translation databaseoptionally may be divided into subject matter, e.g., legal, medical orbusiness, and/or language fields so that a translator need not access ordownload the entire translation database in performance of a particulartranslation.

An advantage of the above-described translation database and translationsoftware is that they make the translation process more efficient byensuring that a translator need not translate a source segment that hasalready been translated. While a translator works, the translationsoftware operates in the background to ‘learn’ original sentences andtheir corresponding translations. In the process, this data may beuploaded into the translation database a the clearinghouse.Concurrently, the translation software access, therewith, thetranslation database to rapidly find identical or similar sentences andautomatically display them as a working basis for a translation inprogress.

Translation software is most useful when it is are able to locate notonly identical matches to stored translation segments, but alsoapproximate or “fuzzy” matches. Fuzzy matching facilitates retrieval oftext that differs slightly in word order, morphology, case, or spelling.The approximate matching is necessary because of the large varietypossible in natural language texts. Fuzzy matching to find sentenceswith similar content has seen its performance perfected by theimplementation of neural network technology. The translator has theoption of choosing among alternative translations in addition to the oneautomatically suggested by the translation memory. Along with the sourcesentence and its translation, each translation segment can also includeinformation on users, dates and frequency of use, and classifyingattributes and text fields. This information enables easy maintenance oftranslation databases, which naturally become quite large overtime.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a royaltytracking module may be provided by the clearinghouse, which may track ormonitor when an operator's work is reused to fulfill a project. Asmention above, the project fulfillment module may send a notification tothe royalty tracking module, which identifies, for example, the amountof the recycled information used in connection with the new project, theoperator that originally generated the recycled information and theoperator that used the recycled information in connection with the newproject. This may be accomplished by relating the operator's user ID toa completed project. Creators of any reused information may get creditor royalty for the use of their information. In this fashion thesubsequent use of translation segments can be tracked. This tracking canbe used to allocate credits of royalties to the operator that generatedthe translation units. Therefore, creators of any reused translationunits may get credit or royalties for the use of their translationunits.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a bidmanagement module may be provided by the clearinghouse, which mayexecute and monitor the bidding process. In addition, the module maymaintain a database of qualified bidders, identify and notify qualifiedoperators of request for bid, accept bids from the operators and awardbids based on the subject criteria.

The bid management module may receive information regarding a subject'srequest for bid either from the project coordination module or directlyfrom the subject. Preferably, the bid module may be a computer modulewith an algorithm adapted to accept subject and/or operator bidinformation. In addition, the bid management module may performcalculations to determine the bid award. As illustrated in FIG. 3, asubject may submit information, via the New Projects Request Form, tothe bid management module regarding how to award the project: forexample, maximum price (318, 342), maximum # of bidders (310, 342),award method (322, 346) (i.e., automatic, manual or a combination),award date (324, 348) award preference (326, 350) (e.g., best price,earliest delivery date, first bidder). The bid management module neednot be limited to these criteria, and other limitation may be used todetermine bid awards.

In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 13, the bid management module mayprovide features for the subject to restrict the invitations for bid toa limit groups of bidders. For example, the subject may select theoperators individually or limited the operators by different criteria,e.g., the source and target language, the project subject matter,operator's qualifications, etc. The bid management module may accept thecriteria submitted by electronic forms, as discussed above. The bidmanagement module may determine a group of qualified bidders. The bidmodule may send a request to the check credential module to confirm abidder's qualifications.

Once a group of qualified operators has been determined, the bidmanagement module may notify qualified operators by an electronicnotification, or a bid request may be posted on the clearinghouse's website. Referring to FIG. 5, the clearinghouse may provide an operatorwith information regarding his current status. For example, the numberof current bid invitations or number of newly awarded projects.

The bid management module may provide information to the operator,concerning the RFP, for example, file name or project ID, sourcelanguage, target language, subject matter, total number of words, totalnumber of translation units, number of recycled translation units,number of new words, end of bidding, date of delivery, maximum price,award criterion, award decision, maximum number of bids, status, bestoffer (FIGS. 4A and 19). The bid management module may provide atransaction history, as depicted in FIG. 4C. The operator may review allthis information and submit a bid via electronic form. The bidmanagement module accepts bids and updates the bid preview informationform FIG. 4B. The bid module may award the bid and notify the operatorand/or subject.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a clearinghousemay be used to manage translators (operators) and organizations(subjects) that require document translation. When internationalcompanies enter new foreign markets and “localize” a product or servicefor the new market, a great deal of documentation must be translated,creating a need for cost-effective translation. The demand fortranslation of commercial and technical documents represents a large andgrowing segment of the translation market. Examples of such documentsare contracts, instruction manuals, forms, and computer software. Duringthe general course of business, many small translation jobs, which mayconsist of one to five pages of text on a wide variety of topics,ranging from legal text to office memos, are generated. Becausecommercial and technical documents are often detailed and precise,accurate translations continue to be in demand. Throughout the world,multilingual cultures and multinational trade create an increasingdemand for translation services.

When seeking to outsource translation work, companies must conductresearch in sources like the yellow pages to locate the telephonenumbers and addresses of translators. Once a translator is located, theymust be contacted either by a letter or telephone to request a sampletranslation or to get a quotation for translation service. Research mustbe conducted to determine the translator's qualifications. Substantialadditional work is involved before the translator starts to translatethe first word.

To save time and effort, documents requiring translations have beenoutsourced to translation agencies, which have a group of translatorcontractors that they hire to perform translations. This method savestime and effort; however, it increases the cost of the translation byadding a middleman and not allowing free market competition for theprice of the translation. In addition, this method is limited by theagencies' contacts, geographic location and the physical exchange of thedocuments.

The following is an example of how the workflow management systemoperates for document translation. A subject or organization has adocument requiring translation into a target language. The subjectconnects to a website provided by a clearinghouse, such ashttp://www.XXXXX.com. If it is the first time a subject or organizationis using the workflow management system, he may register with theclearinghouse by downloading an on-line Subject Registration Form andfilling out the requested information, such as company name, name ofcontact person (902), address (908, 912), e-mail address (914),telephone (916), type of e-commerce payment (918). Once a subject isregistered, he may fill in an on-line form, a New Project Request Form(FIG. 3), that describes and classifies the document requiringtranslation. The on-line form will request certain criteria (e.g., thetarget language (306, 332), the source language (304, 330), the subjector category that the text belongs to (308, 334), the project due date,and how to award the a project (322, 324, 326, 346, 348, 350)). Byactivating button 328, the form is electronically transmitted (uploaded)to the clearinghouse along with the actual document to be translated. Ofcourse, the subject may submit an RFP to the clearinghouse.

Once the project information has been uploaded to the clearinghouse, thefulfillment database may be checked to determine how much of the projectmay be completed by recycling previously translation units created inperformance of previous projects (translations) to generatepre-translation information, i.e., fulfillment parameters. This featureprovides consistency and reduces errors, because there is no need tore-translation previously translated work.

As illustrated in FIG. 16, the project may be put into a pool of openprojects for on-line bidding along with the pre-translation information.Referring to FIG. 16, project TZ001 is an legal document in Englishrequiring translation into German. TZ001 has 4,211 translation units ofwhich 482 translation units can be recycled using relevant resourcesfrom the fulfillment database. The clearinghouse or the bid managementmodule may notify translators (operators) with qualifications, whichmatch the subject's bid criteria, that a translation project isavailable for bid (FIG. 5). As see in FIG. 19, the operator can view orpreview the information provided by the subject, and make on-line pricebids for completion of the translation project (FIG. 4B). First timeoperators may register with a clearinghouse in fashion similar to thesubject except they enter information such as, a credit to card numberif they do not wish to receive monthly checks, source languages, targetlanguages, subject areas and their country of residence. The operatormay also be required to submit proof of his qualifications. Thisinformation may be uploaded by the system or mailed into theclearinghouse for evaluation by the credential check module.

Depending on the subject's bid criteria settings, a project may beawarded automatically by the bid management module, or the subject canpreview the bids or a subset of bids for manual selection of the award.FIG. 20 shows a subject the bids made for project TZ001 since thesubject's criterion was for an automatic award based on price the screenis provided for information purposes only. FIG. 21 shows a subject thebids made for project TZ021 since the subject's criterion was for anmanual award based on price the screen allows a subject to selected atranslator by clicking on the project ID.

The clearinghouse may provide a credential check service for thesubjects to preview information regarding the translators. Subjects canreview such information as evaluations given by other subjects for eachjob performance the translator has performed, and general comments canbe stored regarding the translator.

Once a translator has been selected for a given project, he may use apre-translation memory stored on in the translation database topre-translate the document. The royalty tracking module can be used toallocate credits of royalties for the recycled translation units to thesource translator of the translation units. If the translator of a newproject uses existing translation units, creators of any such reusedtranslator units may get credit or royalty for the use of theirtranslation units. After the translator is finished, the translator willtransmit (post) the translated file to the project coordination moduleand the clearinghouse will, in turn, notify the subject that the work iscomplete. As illustrated in FIG. 17, the subject may preview the workbefore authorizing payment. If the subject is dissatisfied with thetranslation, he may request that the translation be corrected. Theproject coordination module or the royalty tracking module may maintainfinancial records for both the translators (operators) and theoraganizations (subjects) and periodically send the translators paymentboth for original translation work as well as royalties earned throughthe reuse of the stored translation units. The subjects may pay invoicesdirectly using either credit cards or electronic cash payments to theclearinghouse or the financial, institution.

FIGS. 4A-C, 5 and 15-20 show various screens for a translationembodiment that may provide information to the workflow managementusers. FIG. 4 A illustrates a project description screen for projectTZ001 that an operator may review before submitting an Offer Formdepicted in FIG. 4B. The screen in FIG. 4A provides information such as,file name (402), source language (404), target language (406), subjectmatter (408), total number of words (410), the number of TUs (412), thenumber of TUs recycled (414), total number of new words (416), end ofbidding date (418), delivery date (420), maximum price (422), awardcriterion (424), award decision (426), maximum number of bids (428),status (430) and best offer (432). A user may review a project'sactivities by accessing a Transaction History Screen illustrated in FIG.4C. This screen provides information about the activity or action, whoperformed the action and when it was performed.

FIG. 5 illustrates the Translator's Home Page where a translator mayaccess information such as, the number of projects translated (502), thenumber of projects a translator is assigned (504), the number bidinvitations (506), the total amount of recycled translation units thetranslator has used to complete his projects (508), the total number oftranslation units the translator owns (510), the number of translationunits owned by the translator reused by other translators (512), thetotal amount of royalties earned for recycled translation units (514),the operator's current balance (516), and the number of projects awardedto the translator since his last visit to the clearinghouse site (518).

FIG. 15 illustrates a screen, Subject's Home Page, where a subject mayaccess information such as, the number of projects translated (1502),the number of projects in progress (1504), the number of projectswaiting to be awarded (1506), the total amount of translation units in asubject's projects (1508), the total number of translation units thathave been recycled (1510), the number of recycled words, the estimatedsavings at an average price/word (1514), the subject's current balance(1516), the number of projects finished and waiting to be downloaded(1518).

FIG. 16 illustrates the Translation Bidding Pool. Projects that arecurrently open for bid may be previewed by the users using this screen,which provides information, such as, project ID (1602), source language(1604), target language (1606), subject matter (1608), total number ofwords (1610), number of TUs (1612), number of TUs recycled (1614), endof bidding date (1616), delivery date (1618), award criterion (1620),best offer (1622), status (1624), etc. The operators may click on theProject ID to preview a selection of the document before placing a bid.

FIGS. 17, 18A and 18B illustrate views that may be provided to the usersfor Projects in Progress. These views provide the users with informationsuch as, the translator's/subject's name, project ID, file name, startbidding date, award date, delivery date, cycle, new delivery, status,next action, etc. The subject can see the translator assigned to aproject, when it is due for delivery, etc. The translator may accept aproject by clicking on Download in the Next Action field (note theStatus will change from “Awarded” to “Translate” and Next Action willchange from “Download” to “Upload”). The translator may download theproject again, if needed, by clicking on the Project ID. When a operatorhas completed a translation, he clicks on Upload in the Next Actionfield to transmit the document back to the clearinghouse. After thesystem verifies a successful upload, the subject will be notified toreceive and accept the translation. Then, the translator may be creditedfor his services. The project Status will change to Paid in Full. Theproject details will be shuffled to the Project History Screen, whichprovides information such as, subject's name, project ID, file name,start bidding, award date, delivery date, cycle new delivery, statusservice charge (FIG. 22).

Once the translation project has been completed, a subject may confirmacceptance by clicking on Accept in the Next Action field (FIG. 17). TheStatus will change from “Uploaded” to “Paid in Full”. If a subject doesnot accept the project, after reading random excerpts of the translationwork, he may have three options:

1. The subject may reject the work entirely. In that case the translatormay only receive 50% of the original sum. The credential module may benotified and the subject may be unable to use the translation.

2. The subject may file a Fix-It request, stating his reasons forrejecting the project and set a new Delivery Date. He may also ask for aservice charge reduction. A new work cycle will be initiated. Thetranslator may reject the fix it request. If the translator and thesubject have not come to terms after three Fit-It cycles, the system mayeither close the project and file it as Paid in Half, or if a larger sumis at stake, may escalate the case to the arbitration board.

3. The subject may call the arbitration board immediately in cases ofsevere business misconduct. The board may then hear both sides andsuggest a remedy.

Another application of the invention may be for other non-translation(projects) work assignments. For example, a subject may need researchperformed relating to a specified topic, such as a patent search,medical or legal research. If the fulfillment database is checked and nopreviously stored resources match the new project, the projectcoordination module and/or bid management module may institute a biddingprocess by posting a request for bids or sending bid invitations toqualified researchers (operators). The bid winner (operator) may conducta search and transmit the results of the search to the projectcoordination module. Then the project coordination module may transmitthe results to the subject and store the results in the fulfillmentdatabase. The next time a similar request is made for a search projector work assignment on the same subject matter (or similar), the projectcoordination module may search the fulfillment database for the earlierresults. These earlier results may be exactly what the subject islooking for in which case the results may be sent directly to thesubject or the earlier results may form the basis for further research.The original researcher may receive a credit for his work.

If the stored results need to be updated, the project fulfillment modulemay provide evaluation information to the subjects and the operatorsregarding “how much” of the search project may be completed by recyclinga previously completed research (resources).

Both Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer browsers as wellas other browsers can view the pages because the active pages areexecuted on the server and delivered to the client computer as simpleHTML.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described withreference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood bythose skilled in the art that the foregoing and other changes in formand details may be made therein without departing from the scope of theinvention.

1-42. (canceled)
 43. A method for providing a workflow management systemfor a translation project, said method comprising: receiving a requestfor the translation project from a subject, said request comprising adocument requiring translation from a source language into a targetlanguage; searching a database for previously translated translationprojects to generate pre-translation information, said pre-translationinformation comprising translated units; generating at least onefulfillment parameter if at least one of said translated units iscapable of being used in said translation project; managing an automatedbidding process for the translation project based on said at least onefulfillment parameter; awarding said translation project to atranslator; and delivering a completed translation projectelectronically to the subject.
 44. A method for providing a workflowmanagement system according to claim 43, wherein the step of managingcomprises the steps of: notifying translators to submit bids; receivingbids from at least one translator; determining a bid award; and sendinga bid award notification.
 45. A method for providing a workflowmanagement system for a translation project, said method comprising thesteps of: managing an automated bidding process for the translationproject, said translation project comprising a document requiringtranslation from a source language into a target language; receiving arequest for a translation project from a subject; and interrogating afulfillment database to determine fulfillment parameters for saidtranslation project, the fulfillment parameters being based on theidentification of at least one relevant resource comprising translationunits capable of being used in said translation project, the translationunits being derived from previously translated translation projects. 46.A method for providing a workflow management system according to claim45, further comprising the step of: transmitting one or more relevantresources from the fulfillment database to a project coordinationmodule.
 47. A method for providing a workflow management system for atranslation project, said method comprising the steps of: receiving arequest for the translation project, said request comprising a documentrequiring translation from a source language into a target language; anddetermining if any previously completed translation projects or portionsof any completed translation projects are available as a resource inconnection with the translation project.
 48. A workflow managementsystem for a translation project, said system comprising: at least oneproject coordination computer module whose actions are directed bysoftware components; and wherein the project coordination computermodule receives a request for the translation project from a subject andprovides electronic delivery of a completed translation project to saidsubject, said request comprising a document requiring translation from asource language into a target language.
 49. A workflow management systemfor a translation project, said system comprising: at least one projectcoordination computer module whose actions are directed by softwarecomponents; at least one project fulfillment computer module whoseactions are directed by software components, and linked to said at leastone project coordination computer module; and wherein the at least oneproject coordination computer module receives project informationassociated with a translation project from a subject, said translationproject comprising a document requiring translation from a sourcelanguage into a target language and wherein the at least one projectfulfillment computer module accesses a database to determine if at leasta portion of a previously completed project is capable of being usedwith the translation project, said project fulfillment computer modulegenerating at least one fulfillment parameter if the at least a portionof a previously completed project is capable of being used with thetranslation project.
 50. A workflow management system according to claim49 further comprising: at least one bid management computer module whoseactions are directed by software components, and linked to said at leastone project coordination computer module.
 51. A workflow managementsystem according to claim 49 further comprising: at least oneregistration computer module whose actions are directed by softwarecomponents, and linked to said at least one project coordinationcomputer module.
 52. A workflow management system according to claim 49further comprising: at least one registration computer module whoseactions are directed by software components, and linked to said at leastone bid management computer module and at least one project coordinationcomputer module.
 53. A workflow management system according to claim 49further comprising: at least one royalty tracking computer module whoseactions are directed by software components, and linked to said at leastone project coordination computer module and at least one projectfulfillment computer module.
 54. A workflow management system accordingto claim 49 further comprising: at least one financial computer modulewhose actions are directed by software components and linked to said atleast one project coordination computer module.
 55. A workflowmanagement system according to claim 51 further comprising: at least onefinancial computer module whose actions are directed by softwarecomponents and, linked to said at least one registration computer moduleand said at least one project coordination computer module.
 56. Aworkflow management system according to claim 54 further comprising: atleast one credential check computer module whose actions are directed bysoftware components, and linked to said at least one registrationcomputer module and at least one financial computer module.
 57. Aworkflow management system according to claim 49, further comprisingcomputer memory associated with the project fulfillment computer modulecontaining previously completed projects or portions of any completedprojects to be used as a resource in connection with a new project. 58.A workflow management system according to claim 49, wherein said projectfulfillment computer module transmits one or more relevant resources tothe project coordination module.
 59. A workflow management systemaccording to claim 49, wherein a completed projects computer moduleevaluates whether any portion of a new project has been previouslycompleted in connection with a prior project.
 60. A workflow managementsystem according to claim 50, further comprising computer memoryassociated with the bid management computer module containing bidderqualification information.
 61. A workflow management system according toclaim 50, wherein said bid management computer module selects anoperator for a requested project based on a subject's bid criteria. 62.A workflow management system according to claim 50, wherein said bidmanagement computer module executes and monitors a bidding process.